Compare unemployment rates, and America's job market looks much stronger
than Europe's. The U.S. rate for August, being released Friday, is
expected to be a near-normal 6.1 percent. In the 18 countries that use
the euro currency, by contrast, it's a collective 11.5 percent.
Yet by some measures, Europe is doing better. It's been more
successful in keeping people working, letting the disabled stay on the
job and boosting the proportion of women in the workforce.
And Europeans in their prime working years — ages 25 to 54 — are more likely to be employed than Americans are.
Fewer than 77 percent of prime-age Americans have jobs, compared
with 80 percent in Belgium, 81 percent in France and 82 percent in the
Netherlands, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development.
If Americans 25 to 54 were as likely to be working as Germans the same age, 8.3 million more Americans would have jobs.
''Where we used to talk about the U.S. having a high-powered
labor market in the late 1990s, Germany has that now,'' says Jacob
Kirkegaard, senior fellow at the Peterson Institute for International
Economics.
It's true, of course, that the unemployed have a much harder
time finding a job in, say, Spain or Greece than the United States.
Spain's unemployment rate is nearly 25 percent. For people under 25, the
rate tops 50 percent.
Though the eurozone's overall unemployment rate is 11.5 percent,
individual countries include low-rate nations like Germany and Austria
(4.9 percent) as well as some with much higher unemployment than the
United States: Portugal (14 percent), Italy (12.6 percent), France (10.3
percent), Belgium (8.5 percent).
Yet Josh Bivens, research director at the liberal Economic
Policy Institute, says America's relatively low ''headline unemployment
rate is painting too rosy a picture of how the U.S. labor market is
doing.''
The fall in the U.S. unemployment rate has been exaggerated by
rising numbers of adults neither working nor looking for work. The
government counts people as unemployed only if they're looking for a
job. When many stop looking, the unemployment rate can fall even if few
people are hired.
The share of Americans 16 to 64 either working or seeking work
has fallen to 72.7 percent from 75.3 percent at the end of 2007, when
the Great Recession began. In the 28 countries in the European Union,
the figure has risen to 72.3 percent from 70.5 percent in late 2007. The
United States and Europe calculate their employment rates in broadly
similar ways.
No single reason explains why prime-age employment and workforce
participation trends are weaker in the United States.
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